A review on 4D printing of Nickel-Titanium smart alloy processing, the effect of major parameters and their biomedical applications

Nickel-Titanium smart alloys gradually widen their industrial demand due to their inherent structural and functional characteristics. Due to advanced properties such as shape memory effect (SME), superelasticity (SE), corrosion resistance, and better damping property, NiTi is the focus of interest among all the advanced materials. The domain of additive manufacturing (AM) is explored as the 3D print designed parts that sweep the conventional subtractive manufacturing process. Currently, smart structure fabrication by AM is a novel approach. This review paper gives a foundational understanding of NiTi smart alloy fabrication by various AM processes and their application in health care industry. 4D printing methodologies, especially the selective laser melting (SLM) process, are carefully discussed here by considering the sensing parameters for NiTi.