Dissolution dynamics of partially protected poly(4-hydroxystyrene) in organic developers investigated by a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) method

Abstract Poly(4-hydroxystyrene) (PHS) molecules in solid films are connected to each other through polar and nonpolar molecular interaction and hydrogen bonds. Although the dissociation of phenolic hydroxyl groups plays a major role in the dissolution of PHS films in tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) aqueous developer, it is important to clarify the effects of other interactions. In this study, we investigated the dissolution dynamics of partially protected PHS in organic developer by a quartz crystal microbalance method to deepen the fundamental understanding of the dissolution dynamics of chemically amplified resists. The dissolution dynamics in the solvents, in which the phenolic hydroxyl groups are hardly dissociated, was measured. In a 50 vol% methanol aqueous developer, a large swelling was observed. By decreasing the polarity of the developer, the dissolution dynamics was significantly changed. In the hexyl acetate, the dissolution kinetics of PHS films became similar to that in TMAH aqueous developer although the dissolution mechanism is different.