Postbiotics Prepared Using Lactobacillus reuteri Ameliorates Ethanol‐Induced Liver Injury by Regulating the FXR/SHP/SREBP‐1c Axis

Scope While probiotics‐based therapies have exhibited potential in alleviating alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD), the specific role of postbiotics derived from Lactobacillus reuteri ( L. reuteri ) in ALD remains elusive. This study aims to investigate the impact of postbiotics on ameliorating alcohol‐induced hepatic steatosis and the underlying mechanisms. Methods and results Using network pharmacology, the study elucidates the targets and pathways impacted by postbiotics from L. reuteri , identifying the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) as a promising target for postbiotics against ALD, and lipid metabolism and alcoholism act as crucial pathways associated with postbiotics‐targeting ALD. Furthermore, the study conducts histological and biochemical analyses coupled with LC/MS to evaluate the protective effects and mechanisms of postbiotics against ALD. Postbiotics may modulate bile acid metabolism in vivo by regulating FXR signaling, activating the FXR/FGF15 pathway, and influencing the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids (BAs). Subsequently, postbiotics regulate hepatic FXR activated by BAs and modulate the expression of FXR‐mediated protein, including short regulatory partner (SHP) and sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1c), thereby ameliorating hepatic steatosis in mice with ALD. Conclusion Postbiotics effectively alleviate ethanol‐induced hepatic steatosis by regulating the FXR/SHP/SREBP‐1c axis, as rigorously validated in both in vivo and in vitro.