Bismuth, Bismuth Alloys, and Bismuth Compounds

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Properties 3. Occurrence 4. Production 4.1. Crude Bismuth from Bismuth-Rich Mixed Concentrates 4.2. Crude Bismuth from Lead Concentrates 4.2.1. Pyrometallurgical Separation of Bismuth from Metallic Lead 4.2.2. Processing of Bismuth-Containing Drosses 4.2.3. Electrolytic Separation of Lead and Bismuth. Bismuth Production 4.3. Crude Bismuth from Copper and Tin Concentrates 5. Refining 6. Bismuth Alloys 7. Bismuth Compounds 7.1. Inorganic Compounds 7.2. Organic Compounds 8. Chemical Analysis 9. Economic Aspects 10. Toxicology and Occupational Health