Cutaneous metastases from solid neoplasms in the 21st century: a retrospective study from a Portuguese tertiary care center

Abstract Introduction Cutaneous metastases account for 2% of all skin cancers and are usually associated with widespread disease. The main of this retrospective study was to describe and illustrate clinicopathological features of cutaneous metastases diagnosed in our centre since the beginning of this century. Methods All cases of cutaneous metastases from solid neoplasms diagnosed in our Dermatopathology Department from January 2000 to December 2018 were included. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS . Results A total of 164 patients were included, with a female to male ratio of 3:2. Malignancies that most commonly metastasized to the skin were melanoma ( N = 58), breast cancer ( N = 54) and lung cancer ( N = 13). Immunohistochemical study was performed in 99 patients (60.4%). Time diagnosis of the primary tumour and appearance of cutaneous metastases was significantly higher in breast cancer, followed by melanoma and then by lung cancer ( P < 0.05). Median survival after diagnosis of cutaneous metastases was 8 months. Survival after diagnosis of cutaneous metastases was also influenced by age of the patient, both at diagnosis of the primary tumour and at diagnosis of the cutaneous metastasis. Discussion Clinical presentation of cutaneous metastases is highly variable and non‐specific, being easily mistaken for other dermatological conditions. Histopathological examination is essential in this setting, and the judicious use of an immunohistochemistry panel considered the appropriate morphologic and clinical context. Survival after the diagnosis of cutaneous metastases is influenced not only by the location of the tumour but also by the age of the patient. Dermatologists should therefore be to these clinical pictures, and a high degree of suspicion is, along with a careful clinical history and physical examination. Although being limited by its retrospective nature, we describe one of the largest European series of cutaneous metastases, with findings with most of the available literature.