氧化还原
阴极
化学
氧气
化学物理
锂(药物)
氧化物
电极
离子
无机化学
物理化学
有机化学
医学
内分泌学
作者
Dong‐Hwa Seo,Jinhyuk Lee,Alexander Urban,Rahul Malik,ShinYoung Kang,Gerbrand Ceder
出处
期刊:Nature Chemistry
[Springer Nature]
日期:2016-05-30
卷期号:8 (7): 692-697
被引量:1043
摘要
Lithium-ion batteries are now reaching the energy density limits set by their electrode materials, requiring new paradigms for Li+ and electron hosting in solid-state electrodes. Reversible oxygen redox in the solid state in particular has the potential to enable high energy density as it can deliver excess capacity beyond the theoretical transition-metal redox-capacity at a high voltage. Nevertheless, the structural and chemical origin of the process is not understood, preventing the rational design of better cathode materials. Here, we demonstrate how very specific local Li-excess environments around oxygen atoms necessarily lead to labile oxygen electrons that can be more easily extracted and participate in the practical capacity of cathodes. The identification of the local structural components that create oxygen redox sets a new direction for the design of high-energy-density cathode materials. The chemistry of the transition metals within the oxide cathodes of lithium-ion batteries typically limits their capacity, however, reversible oxygen redox could potentially break this limit. It is now demonstrated that Li-excess and cation disorder create specific environments around oxygen atoms that lead to labile oxygen electrons that participate in the practical capacity of cathodes.
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