To analyze the effects of different exogenous microbial agents on microbial community,the variations of temperature and microbial community and their correlations during compost decomposition process were investigated,by adding three exogenous microbial agents to cow manure compost.The results showed that all the three exogenous microbial agents increased temperature quickly and prolonged the high temperature period.Agent 3,which was effective of enhancing bacterium number in cow manure compost, and there was 4.85×1011 cfu/g at the fourteen day.Agent 2,which was effective of enhancing actinomycetes number in cow manure compost,and there was 1.95×107 cfu/g at the fourteen day.All the three exogenous microbial agents didn't change fungus number.There were negative correlations between microbial number and temperature after adding exogenous microbial agents,but correlations of them were not significant.Agent 3had great impact on the compost decomposition process of cow manure.