OBJECTIVE: To differentiate and analyze adverse drug reactions( ADR) and drug misadventures. METHODS: The concept and connotation of ADR, drug safety, drug quality accidents, events of drug misuse, and infusion reactions were differentiated and analyzed by drawing Qi Er Yao and Xin Fu events as examples. And the criteria for assessment of ADR and the method to effectively reduce ADR incidences were introduced. RESULTS CONCLUSION: Drug misadventures are unavoidable, which should be assessed correctly and prevented actively in the clinical practice to reduce the drug induced sufferings, meanwhile, the related governmental office should establish ADR relief system as early as possible.