Endobronchial fibroma in a pneumoconiosis patient with a history of tuberculosis: A case report and literature review

Bronchial fibroma is uncommon, with only 18 cases reported since 1948. The current study presents a rare case of endobronchial fibroma, along with a relevant literature review. A 54-year-old male patient with pneumoconiosis and a history of tuberculosis was admitted to the Taihe Hospital Affiliated With Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China, due to refractory dry cough. Computed tomography of the chest showed multiple nodular and confluent opacities in the lung and one cavitation in the right upper lobe region. Bronchoscopy revealed an endobronchial mass in the left main bronchus. A bronchoscopic resection was performed, and the pathological evaluation confirmed fibroma. The patient's dry cough resolved following the removal of the fibroma, and no recurrence was detected during 6 months of follow-up. Endobronchial fibroma is an extremely rare disease, for which a pathological analysis is typically required for an accurate diagnosis. Bronchoscopic treatments, including removal by forceps, argon plasma coagulation and laser or electrocautery snares, may be used to treat patients affected by endobronchial fibroma.