SUMMARY 9-Butyl azathioprine, a derivative of azathioprine, has been assessed for its immunosuppressive activity alone and in combination with azathioprine. It was well tolerated by dogs in doses of 20 mg/kg and significantly prolonged the survival time of the dogs that received renal allografts. When used in combination, 9-butyl azathioprine could replace part of the dose of azathioprine, but the combination was not devoid of bone marrow toxicity.