In this chapter, the topic of the research -partial oxidation of natural gas -is introduced. The background of the investigation is discussed. The applications of the syngas, the product of the partial oxidation process, are reviewed. The state-of-the-art partial oxidation technology is presented. The existing syngas production methods are described and compared. The novel partial oxidation process proposed by the present work is put forward. The objectives and approach of the research are shown. The outline of the thesis is given.