Efficient adsorption/reduction of aqueous hexavalent chromium using oligoaniline hollow microspheres fabricated by a template‐free method

Abstract BACKGROUND Uniform and well‐dispersed hollow microspheres of oligoaniline were synthesized by a facile and template‐free method in alkaline medium. The morphology of oligoanilines was controlled from hollow to hard microspheres, by simply changing the volumes of alkaline medium. SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR and physical adsorption of nitrogen were used to characterize the products. Hexavalent chromium ion uptake experiments were run with these aniline oligomers. RESULTS Adsorption experiments showed that the removal of chromium ions was strongly dependent on the initial pH of the solution. The pseudo‐second‐order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models were well correlated with the experimental data. The adsorption of Cr(VI) and synergistic reduction to Cr(III) were confirmed by analyzing remnant chromium in the liquid and XPS detection of the exhausted adsorbent. A redox/pseudo‐protonation process was suggested as the mechanism to explain the Cr(VI) removal. The adsorbed chromium ions could be desorbed by NaOH solution. The higher desorption efficiency of 96.2% was achieved by using 1.0 mol L ‐1 NaOH as the desorption agent. CONCLUSIONS It was observed that the hollow microsphere were the most effective adsorbent of the three adsorbents and its removal efficiency reached 99% to remove 60 mg L ‐1 Cr(VI). The facile fabrication, efficient removal of Cr(VI) and simple regeneration offered an option to remove Cr(VI) contamination from natural water and industrial wastewater. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry