A Simple Polypyrrole/Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membrane with Hydrophobic and Self-Floating Ability for Solar Water Evaporation

The traditional hydrophobic solarevaporator is generally obtained through the modification of alkyl or fluoroalkyl on the photothermal membrane. However, the modified groups can easily be oxidized in the long-term use process, resulting in the poor salt resistance and stability of photothermal membrane. In order to solve this problem, a simple polypyrrole/polyvinylidene fluoride membrane, consisting of an intrinsic hydrophobic support (polyvinylidene fluoride) and a photothermal material (polypyrrole), was fabricated by ultrasonically mixing and immersed precipitation. This photothermal membrane showed good self-floating ability in the process of water evaporation. In order to further improve the photothermal conversion efficiency, a micropyramid structure with antireflective ability was formed on the surface of membrane by template method. The micropyramids can enhance the absorption efficiency of incident light. The water evaporation rate reached 1.42 kg m-2 h-1 under 1 sun irradiation, and the photothermal conversion efficiency was 88.7%. The hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride ensures that NaCl cannot enter into membrane during the evaporation process of the brine, thus realizing the stability and salt resistance of polypyrrole/polyvinylidene fluoride in 3.5%wt and 10%wt NaCl solution.