碳纳米管
材料科学
电极
电化学
纳米技术
热的
纳米管
碳纤维
能量收集
电势能
基质(水族馆)
化学工程
光电子学
复合材料
化学
能量(信号处理)
工程类
气象学
物理化学
地质学
物理
海洋学
统计
复合数
数学
作者
Ren-Chong Hu,Baratunde A. Cola,Nanda Haram,Joseph N. Barisci,Sergey Lee,Stephanie Stoughton,Gordon G. Wallace,Chee O. Too,Matthias Thomas,Adrian Gestos,Marilou E. Dela Cruz,John P. Ferraris,Anvar A. Zakhidov,Ray H. Baughman
出处
期刊:Nano Letters
[American Chemical Society]
日期:2010-02-19
卷期号:10 (3): 838-846
被引量:422
摘要
Low efficiencies and costly electrode materials have limited harvesting of thermal energy as electrical energy using thermo-electrochemical cells (or "thermocells"). We demonstrate thermocells, in practical configurations (from coin cells to cells that can be wrapped around exhaust pipes), that harvest low-grade thermal energy using relatively inexpensive carbon multiwalled nanotube (MWNT) electrodes. These electrodes provide high electrochemically accessible surface areas and fast redox-mediated electron transfer, which significantly enhances thermocell current generation capacity and overall efficiency. Thermocell efficiency is further improved by directly synthesizing MWNTs as vertical forests that reduce electrical and thermal resistance at electrode/substrate junctions. The efficiency of thermocells with MWNT electrodes is shown to be as high as 1.4% of Carnot efficiency, which is 3-fold higher than for previously demonstrated thermocells. With the cost of MWNTs decreasing, MWNT-based thermocells may become commercially viable for harvesting low-grade thermal energy.
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