Practical aspects of electron holography

The electron-optical parameters required to generate an electron hologram are discussed. It is shown that the new generation of commercial field emission transmission electron microscopes (FEG TEM) meet the conditions required. Practical details of the procedures to set up and record a hologram are described. The steps necessary to reconstruct the hologram are also discussed and an outline is provided of a program for the Apple Macintosh™ personal computer which implements these operations. The integrity and accuracy of the reconstruction program has been tested by means of a detailed simulation of high-resolution holograms starting from dynamical multi-slice calculations of the exit wavefront.