Loofah‐Inspired Hierarchical Porous Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Dual–Phase Flame Retardancy and Shear–Stiffening Impact Mitigation for Self–Powered Cargo Monitoring

ABSTRACT Impacts and combustion are frequently encountered during transportation, and advanced protective packaging solutions are required. With the evolution of smart logistics, self‐powered systems for real‐time monitoring and protection are increasingly important. In this work, an anti‐impact, flame‐retardant triboelectric nanogenerator based on a biomimetic hierarchical porous structure, denoted AFB‐TENG, is fabricated by integrating a shear‐stiffening gel within a multiscale framework doped with ammonium polyphosphate, melamine cyanurate, and carbon nanotubes. Compressive stiffness, energy absorption, and impact resistance are increased by the synergy between the hierarchical porous matrix and the gel, while superior static cushioning performance is preserved. A 41 percent reduction in peak heat release rate relative to pure polyurethane foam is achieved, and thermal insulation is improved, by a gas–solid dual‐phase flame‐retardant system based on ammonium polyphosphate and melamine cyanurate together with carbon‐nanotube‐assisted char formation. Under a mechanical excitation of 70 N at 7 Hz and a load resistance of 140 MΩ, an instantaneous power density of 24.89 mW/m 2 is delivered. After 20 s of direct flame exposure, output voltage and current remain at 23.1 V and 316 nA. A self–powered cargo monitoring system using AFB–TENG identifies stationary, shaking, impact, and burning states of transported goods in real time and achieves a classification accuracy of up to 98.3%. The results present an integrated route to impact mitigation, flame retardancy, and intelligent cargo monitoring for next‐generation smart packaging.