Canine distemper in wildlife: a silent cross-species threat

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious morbillivirus belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae, infecting a wide range of carnivorous and some non-carnivorous species. Originally recognized in domestic dogs, it has evolved into an important multi-host pathogen with global distribution in wildlife. The virus produces severe systemic disease marked by immunosuppression and involvement of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems, frequently leading to high mortality in immunologically susceptible populations. Its capacity for cross-species transmission and maintenance through domestic dog reservoirs presents a serious threat to wildlife conservation. Diagnosis is based on molecular and immunological methods, while control primarily relies on vaccination and effective surveillance at the wildlife–domestic animal interface.