Dynamic cooperations between lattice oxygen and oxygen vacancies for photocatalytic ethane dehydrogenation by a self-restoring LaVO4 catalyst

Thermocatalytic nonoxidative ethane dehydrogenation (EDH) is a promising strategy for ethene production but suffers from intense energy consumption and poor catalyst durability; exploring technology that permits efficient EDH by solar energy remains a giant challenge. Herein, we present that an oxygen vacancy (Ov)-rich LaVO4 (LaVO4-Ov) catalyst is highly active and stable for photocatalytic EDH, through a dynamic lattice oxygen (Olatt.) and Ov co-mediated mechanism. Irradiated by simulated sunlight at mild conditions, LaVO4-Ov effectively dehydrogenates undiluted ethane to produce C2H4 and CO with a conversion of 2.3%. By loading a small amount of Pt cocatalyst, the evolution and selectivity of C2H4 are enhanced to 275 µmol h−1 g−1 and 96.8%. Of note, LaVO4-Ov appears nearly no carbon deposition after the reaction. The isotope tracked reactions reveal that the consumed Olatt. recuperates by exposing the used catalyst with O2, thus establishing a dynamic cycle of Olatt. and achieving a facile catalyst regeneration to preserve its intrinsic activity. The refreshed LaVO4-Ov exhibits superior reusability and delivers a turnover number of about 305. The Ov promotes photo absorption, boosts ethane adsorption/activation, and accelerates charge separation/transfer, thus improving the photocatalytic efficiency. The possible photocatalytic EDH mechanism is proposed, considering the key intermediates predicted by density functional theory (DFT) and monitored by in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS).