Bioactive Properties of the Pigment Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis in Human Health

Astaxanthin is a carotenoid with the most reported cellular antioxidant effect, providing significant protection. It is evident that various diseases related to oxidative stress are increasing in the population. Therefore, there is an interest in searching for new sources of bioactive compounds that can be applied to improve human health. The information presented here is based on a review of the most relevant scientific articles that have shed light on the current state of the potential effects of astaxanthin, both in mammalian cell lines and in humans. The model organism studied was the freshwater microalga Haematococcus pluvialis, which accumulates high concentrations of astaxanthin under stress conditions. The biological activity of astaxanthin described in this review demonstrates that it is a potent antioxidant without adverse effects. Therefore, natural astaxanthin derived from Haematococcus pluvialis could be safely used as a nutraceutical and for preventive and therapeutic purposes in human health.