作者
Irina Savelieva,Stefano Fumagalli,Rose Anne Kenny,Stefan D. Anker,Athanase Bénétos,Giuseppe Boriani,Jared Bunch,Nikolaos Dagres,Sérgio Dubner,Laurent Fauchier,Luigi Ferrucci,Carsten W. Israel,Hooman Kamel,Deirdre A. Lane,Gregory Y.H. Lip,Niccolò Marchionni,I. W. P. Obel,Ken Okumura,Brian Olshansky,Tatjana Potpara,Martin K. Stiles,Juan Tamargo,Andrea Ungar,Jędrzej Kosiuk,Torben Bjerregaard Larsen,Borislav Dinov,Heidi Estner,Rodrigue Garcia,Francisco Manuel Moscoso Costa,Rachel Lampert,Yenn-Jiang Lin,Ashley Chin,Heliodoro Antonio Rodriguez,Timo Strandberg,Tomasz Grodzicki
摘要
Abstract There is an increasing proportion of the general population surviving to old age with significant chronic disease, multi-morbidity, and disability. The prevalence of pre-frail state and frailty syndrome increases exponentially with advancing age and is associated with greater morbidity, disability, hospitalization, institutionalization, mortality, and health care resource use. Frailty represents a global problem, making early identification, evaluation, and treatment to prevent the cascade of events leading from functional decline to disability and death, one of the challenges of geriatric and general medicine. Cardiac arrhythmias are common in advancing age, chronic illness, and frailty and include a broad spectrum of rhythm and conduction abnormalities. However, no systematic studies or recommendations on the management of arrhythmias are available specifically for the elderly and frail population, and the uptake of many effective antiarrhythmic therapies in these patients remains the slowest. This European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) consensus document focuses on the biology of frailty, common comorbidities, and methods of assessing frailty, in respect to a specific issue of arrhythmias and conduction disease, provide evidence base advice on the management of arrhythmias in patients with frailty syndrome, and identifies knowledge gaps and directions for future research.