Phage display based biosensing: Recent advances and challenges

Phage display enables to screen probes such as peptide, antibody and nanobody with high specificity and affinity to the target, providing excellent probes for various analytical or biosensing platforms. Furthermore, by employing techniques like as genetic engineering and chemical modification, it is possible to conveniently functionalize these ligands for analytical chemistry with selectivity and sensitivity. This review initially presents the fundamental aspects of phage biology that are commonly employed in phage display vectors, elaborates the construction process of phage display peptide library and phage display antibody library, and evaluates different biopanning strategies. Then from the viewpoint of analytes, this paper summarizes phage display based biosensing or bioanalysis of a wide range of target molecules. This paper presents knowledge insights and research foundations for the identification of additional phage display probes and their subsequent application in biosensing or bioanalysis with excellent performance.