[Tuberculosis screening in respiratory department inpatients in comprehensive medical institutions].

Objective: To explore the effect of screening tuberculosis patients in the respiratory department of general hospitals, and to provide a basis for the development of patient screening strategy. Methods: Clinical information and sputum samples of inpatients in the respiratory department of a general hospital in Longhua District, Shenzhen from December 2018 to December 2020 were collected. Sputum samples were sent to the tuberculosis laboratory of the Shenzhen Longhua Center for Chronic Disease Control (designated tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment institution) for sputum smear, liquid culture and Gene-Xpert test. Results: A total of 407 sputum samples (23 cases of suspected tuberculosis by chest imaging and 384 by clinical manifestations) were collected from 3 724 hospitalized patients. A total of 88 patients with positive etiology were detected by the three methods, and the positive rate was 21.6% (88/407), among which 15 patients with suspected tuberculosis were detected by imaging reports, and the positive rate of etiology was 19.0% (73/384) in the reported patients without imaging reports. At least 1.96% (73/3 724) of the hospitalized patients were estimated to be tuberculosis positive during the study. Pneumonia (30.1%,22/73), cough (15.1%,11/73) and pulmonary infection (15.1%,11/73) were the main characteristics in the patients with positive pathogens. Conclusions: Screening for tuberculosis among inpatients in the respiratory department of general hospitals is an effective way to detect patients who were radiographically reported to have probable tuberculosis. It is of great significance to carry out active screening in key departments of general hospitals for tuberculosis detection and control.目的： 探讨在综合医院呼吸科住院患者中筛查肺结核患者的效果，为制定患者发现策略提供依据。 方法： 收集2018年12月至2020年12月深圳市龙华区中心医院呼吸科住院患者的临床信息和痰标本，痰标本送龙华区慢性病防治中心结核病实验室进行痰涂片、液体培养和Gene-Xpert检测。 结果： 研究期间从3 724例住院患者中选择患者407例留取痰标本（影像学报告为疑似结核病患者23例，有肺结核可疑症状患者384例）。三种检测方法共检测发现病原学阳性患者88例，阳性率为21.6%（88/407），其中有影像学报告提示疑似结核病15例，去除影像学提示报告患者的病原学阳性率为19.0%（73/384）。推算在研究期间该院住院患者中结核病患者的病原学阳性率至少为1.96%（73/3 724）。病原学阳性患者中，主要以肺炎（30.1%，22/73）、咳嗽查因（15.1%，11/73）、肺部感染（15.1%，11/73）为主。 结论： 在综合医院呼吸科住院患者中筛查结核病是有效发现患者的方法，而且发现的患者主要为无疑似肺结核的影像学报告患者。在综合医院重点科室开展主动筛查对于患者发现、控制结核病具有重要意义。.