The effect of occlusal disharmony on a chronic stress‐induced animal model of gut microbiota dysbiosis

Abstract Background and Objectives Chronic stress (CS) is closely related to intestinal health. Occlusal disharmony (OD) is a risk factor for hypersensitivity to novel stress, and the relationship between OD and the intestinal system with or without other chronic stresses remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether OD affects the gut microbiota and the intestinal barrier in a CS‐exposed animal model. Methods OD was induced by making a 0.5‐mm‐thick incision on the right maxillary molar. CS involved exposure to one stressor per day for 35 days. Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into an untreated control group and OD‐, CS‐ and OD + CS‐treated groups. The behavioural tests, serum corticosterone level, gut microbiota composition and tight junction protein expression in colon tissue were measured on the 56th day to elucidate the effect of OD on animals under CS. Results Significant differences in performance on behavioural tests and serum corticosterone concentrations were observed on day 56 in the OD + CS group compared with the control group. Exposure to occlusal disharmony or chronic stress resulted in a change in the composition of the gut microbiota of rats. Differences in the expression of the tight junction proteins zonula occludens‐1 and junctional adhesion molecule‐A were observed in colon tissue from the OD + CS group compared with the control group. Conclusions We concluded that the significant changes in performance on behavioural tests, serum corticosterone concentrations and microbiota dysbiosis and tight junction protein levels induced by OD with CS may indicate that OD is a potential factor promoting gut microbiota dysbiosis.