Synthesis of phosphorus-containing cardanol-derived phenalkamine: a sustainable curing agent to access high-performance bio-based epoxy thermosets

Cardanol-derived phenalkamines with different phosphorus oxidation states (Car-DCP-DETA and Car-DPC-DETA) were synthesized by the Mannich reaction and used as curing agents for diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)-type epoxy prepolymers.