Biomimetic Nanostructured Polyimine Aerogels with Graded Porosity, Flame Resistance, Intrinsic Superhydrophobicity, and Closed-Loop Recovery

Polymer aerogels, with their porous and lightweight features, excel in applications such as energy storage, absorption, and thermal insulation, making them a sought-after new material. However, the covalent cross-linking networks of current polymer aerogels result in unsustainable manufacturing and processing practices, persistently depleting our finite natural resources and causing significant global environmental impacts. Herein, we have constructed a high-performance dynamic covalent cross-linking aerogel network using biobased materials, with its structure and green sustainability akin to those of plants in nature. Abundant reversible cross-linking points endow the aerogel with ultrafast degradation capabilities, enabling allow for closed-loop chemical monomer recovery and reprocessing. Furthermore, utilizing the highly active reversible network, net-zero emission material reuse and reprocessing can be achieved. Additionally, the controlled dynamic aerogel network features a multilevel roughness nanostructured surface similar to lotus leaf and a biomimetic pore structure, contributing to significant anisotropy. The distinctive structure and composition endow the dynamic aerogel with high compressive strength (2.2 MPa) vertically, low thermal conductivity (0.0257 W/(m·K)) horizontally, and outstanding fire resistance (LOI is as high as 36%). Notably, the aerogel demonstrates the highest hydrophobicity among polyimine materials, with a contact angle of 154°. Furthermore, those dynamic aerogels have excellent performance in a variety of potential applications such as oil-water separation, directional transport, and phase change energy storage, and it is anticipated that these applications will greatly benefit from systematic upgrades in recyclability and reprocessing.