Fruit quality of Vitis vinifera: How plant metabolites are affected by genetic, environmental, and agronomic factors

Vitis vinifera is a deciduous woody vine of the genus Vitis. Its fruit is sweet, nutritious, and well-liked by consumers. Consumer demand for grape quality is growing as people's living standards improve. Therefore, boosting grape fruit quality has become a major research direction in response to market growth and is an essential aim of modern agricultural grape production. The fruit quality of grapes is the total of several great attributes that suit people's demands, and the quality characteristics that people focus on are appearance (color) and intrinsic qualities (sugar, acidity, and flavor). This study reviews the research on important grape qualities at home and abroad in the past 10 years. The focus is on the grape quality indicators of color, flavor, and secondary metabolic components. This study discusses the regulatory mechanism of grape anthocyanins (structural genes, transcription factors, and non-coding RNAs), sugar regulation mechanism (enzymes related to sucrose metabolism, three types of transporters), organic acid regulation mechanism (malic, citric, and tartaric acid metabolism), and abiotic stress (light, temperature, water, nutrients, and hormones), and their effects on grape quality. Studying the important quality composition and regulation mechanism of grapes is important for the development and utilization of high-quality grape variety resources.