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CRISPR/Cas9 as precision and high-throughput genetic engineering tools in gastrointestinal cancer research and therapy

清脆的 Cas9 基因组编辑 计算生物学 基因组 生物 癌症 疾病 基因 遗传学 医学 病理
作者
Sayedeh Azimeh Hosseini,Alizamen Salehifard Jouneghani,Mahdi Ghatrehsamani,Hajar Yaghoobi,Fatemeh Elahian,Seyed Abbas Mirzaei
出处
期刊:International Journal of Biological Macromolecules [Elsevier]
卷期号:223: 732-754 被引量:7
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.018
摘要

Gastrointestinal cancer (GI) is one of the most serious and health-threatening diseases worldwide. Many countries have encountered an escalating prevalence of shock. Therefore, there is a pressing need to clarify the molecular pathogenesis of these cancers. The use of high-throughput technologies that allow the precise and simultaneous investigation of thousands of genes, proteins, and metabolites is a critical step in disease diagnosis and cure. Recent innovations have provided easy and reliable methods for genome investigation, including TALENs, ZFNs, and the CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats system). Among these, CRISPR/Cas9 has been revolutionary tool in genetic research. Recent years were prosperous years for CRISPR by the discovery of novel Cas enzymes, the Nobel Prize, and the development of critical clinical trials. This technology utilizes comprehensive information on genes associated with tumor development, provides high-throughput libraries for tumor therapy by developing screening platforms, and generates rapid tools for cancer therapy. This review discusses the various applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in genome editing, with a particular focus on genome manipulation, including infection-related genes, RNAi targets, pooled library screening for identification of unknown driver mutations, and molecular targets for gastrointestinal cancer modeling. Finally, it provides an overview of CRISPR/Cas9 clinical trials, as well as the challenges associated with its use.
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