Mammea longifolia Planch. and Triana Fruit Extract Induces Cell Death in the Human Colon Cancer Cell Line, SW480, via Mitochondria-Related Apoptosis and Activation of p53

The methanol extract of Mammea longifolia Planch. and Triana (M. longifolia) fruit was studied for anticancer and apoptotic effects in the SW480 colon cancer cell line. The apoptotic and necrotic effects of M. longifolia were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase assays, respectively. One hundred μg/mL of the extract killed ∼82.4% of the cells; however, 2% of the death was related to necrosis. The morphological changes in M. longifolia-stimulated SW480 cells were observed directly by light microscopy. DNA fragmentation assay was employed to analyze the apoptosis induction. M. longifolia-treated SW480 cells promoted the expression of Bax, Bad, cleaved-poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), and p53 proteins and decreased the protein expression of pro-caspases Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. The ratios of Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved-PARP/PARP, predictive markers of apoptotic stimuli in cancer, increased and may play an important role in regulating the progression of apoptosis. The results suggested that M. longifolia induces cell death via mitochondrial-related apoptosis in SW480 cells.