Optimization of Ultrasonic Emulsification for the Degreasing of Fish Skin

Ultrasonic emulsification was used to degrease Basa fish skin.In the degreasing process,the operating parameters degreasing agent type and concentration,ultrasonic treatment time and solid-to-liquid ratio were investigated.Surfactant NP-10 was found to be the most effective agent for degreasing fish skin.The optimum conditions for degreasing fish skin were established as follows: 1% NP-10 solution as a degreasing agent at a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:5.5(g/mL) and ultrasonic treatment at a power density of 2.22 × 104 W/m3 for 3 h.Under these conditions,the degreasing efficiency and collagen loss rate of fish skin were 2.59% and 5.32%,respectively.