By constructing an index system for evaluating the abilities of regional sustainable development based on the regional sustainable development system, this paper appraises the regional sustainable development abilities in Henan using such methods as principal component analysis, Mapinfo technology, etc. The results obtained show that the sustainable development abilities of each region in Henan appear obviously layered. There are few regions which sustainable development abilities is strong, and there are many regions with relative weaker sustainable development abilities. So, it is remarkable that the sustainable development abilities among regions produce a polarization. The overall abilities of sustainable development of each region have formed a structure of circle layer of one center of northwest regions and decreasing progressively to the southeast. Keeping the relative balance among sustainable development subsystems of one region is very important to improve its sustainable development abilities for a long time.