Objective To strdy the changes of sbubgingival flora of patients with periodontitis and the bacterium factors of periodontitis.Methods Anaerobic and viable count methods were adopted to examine the quantity of Streptococcus,Veillonella,Lactobacillus and Bacteroid.Results The quantity of subgingival streptococcus of patients with periodontitis was lower than that of normql people, but the quantity of Veillonella ( P 0.001).Lactobacillus and Bacteroid was obviously higher than that of normal people ( P 0.001).Conclusion Subgingival flora of patients with periodontitis is on the state of serious imbalance.Greatly attention should be paid to the effect of Veillonella to periodontitis.