Research progress of CTCF in mediating 3D genome formation and regulating gene expression.

In interphase eukaryotic nuclei, chromatin is folded to form a higher-order topological structure. The spatial organization of such chromatin domain has an important impact on the regulation of gene expression. As a key architectural structural protein, CTCF (CCCTC-binding factor) plays an important role in the formation of chromatin three-dimensional chromatin structure. CTCF can also bind to many insulator elements in the genome and insulate enhancers from activating target genes via modulating remote chromatin interactions. A recent study by Dr. Chunliang Li and his team at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in the United States showed that when CTCF was acutely degraded, significant changes were found in the three-dimensional structure of chromatin. The mechanism by which CTCF binding sites function as insulator elements was investigated by Prof. Qiang Wu's team at Institute of Systems Biomedicine and Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China and Prof. Bing Ren's team at Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research in the United States. Here we mainly review and discuss some of these latest progresses.真核细胞间期的染色质在细胞核中经过复杂的盘曲折叠,形成高级拓扑结构,这样的染色质结构空间组织对基因表达有重要影响。CTCF (CCCTC-binding factor)作为关键的染色质高级结构架构蛋白,对三维基因组结构的形成起到了重要作用。CTCF还可以与基因组内大量的绝缘子结合,影响染色质远程交互,实现对增强子和基因转录调控的绝缘效应。本文主要对近期美国圣裘德儿童研究医院Chunliang Li团队对于CTCF完全降解后发现染色质可及性发生变化的研究结果,上海交通大学系统生物医学研究院吴强团队、美国加州路德维希癌症研究所任兵团队对于CTCF结合位点充当绝缘子作用机制的最新结果进行部分点评及讨论。.