Boric Oxide, Boric Acid, and Borates

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Boric Oxide 2.1. Physical Properties 2.2. Chemical Properties 2.3. Production 3. Boric Acid 3.1. Physical Properties 3.2. Chemical Properties 3.3. Production 4. Aqueous Borate Solutions 5. Sodium Borates 5.1. Sodium Tetraborate Decahydrate 5.2. Sodium Tetraborate Pentahydrate 5.3. Anhydrous Sodium Tetraborate 5.4. Sodium Metaborate Tetrahydrate 5.5. Sodium Metaborate Dihydrate 5.6. Sodium Pentaborate Pentahydrate 5.7. Disodium Octaborate Tetrahydrate 5.8. Disodium Tetraborate Tetrahydrate 6. Other Metal Borates 6.1. Calcium and Calcium Sodium Borates 6.2. Lithium, Potassium, and Ammonium Borates 6.2.1. Lithium Borates 6.2.2. Potassium Borates 6.2.3. Ammonium Borates 6.3. Zinc Borates 7. Borate Glasses 8. Quality Specifications 9. Uses 10. Economic Aspects 11. Toxicology and Occupational Health