Squatting maneuver - an easy and efficient method to evaluate postural effect on human arterial blood pressure regulation

Background: It is always been never ending process to search for the ideal method for cardiovascular autonomic function tests. However, some considerations of the feasible application of the squatting tests seem justified. Squatting is an active posture test that can be used to assess baroreflex sensitivity. Indeed, the shift from squatting to standing imposes a major orthostatic stress leading to rapid and large changes in arterial blood pressure (BP) and heart rate allowing precise baroreflex assessment. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess: (1) The frequency of an abnormally large fall in BP on standing from supine and (2) the underlying hemodynamic mechanisms of this fall in BP on standing from supine and from squatting. Materials and Methods: Sample size selected was 100 from first year medical students. Basal hemodynamic parameters were recorded in sitting and squatting position, then alteration in these hemodynamic parameters after standing was noted. The mean of three readings of BP obtained, respectively, in each position was considered representative for that position. Statistical analysis is done. Result: The change in the position from supine to standing causes a fall in the systolic as well as diastolic BP which was not statistically significant, whereas change in position from squatting to standing, the fall in the systolic and diastolic BP were statistically significant. Conclusion: The squatting test is an active posture maneuvers that impose one of the most potent orthostatic stresses. This careful analysis in healthy individuals should help in the understanding of disturbances that may be observed in patients with autonomic dysfunction.