PTEN公司
癌症研究
PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路
生物
基因沉默
抑癌基因
蛋白激酶B
损失函数
张力素
磷酸酶
癌症
癌变
基因
磷酸化
遗传学
信号转导
表型
作者
Virginia Álvarez‐García,Yasmine Tawil,Helen Wise,Nicholas R. Leslie
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.02.001
摘要
PTEN is a phosphatase which metabolises PIP3, the lipid product of PI 3-Kinase, directly opposing the activation of the oncogenic PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling network. Accordingly, loss of function of the PTEN tumour suppressor is one of the most common events observed in many types of cancer. Although the mechanisms by which PTEN function is disrupted are diverse, the most frequently observed events are deletion of a single gene copy of PTEN and gene silencing, usually observed in tumours with little or no PTEN protein detectable by immunohistochemistry. Accordingly, with the exceptions of glioblastoma and endometrial cancer, mutations of the PTEN coding sequence are uncommon (<10%) in most types of cancer. Here we review the data relating to PTEN loss in seven common tumour types and discuss mechanisms of PTEN regulation, some of which appear to contribute to reduced PTEN protein levels in cancers.
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