Influence of Boron and Manganese on Hot Crack Resistance and Low Temperature Toughness of Flux Cored Arc Weld Metal for High Strength Carbon Steels

The hot crack resistance and mechanical properties of flux cored arc (FCA) welds were investigated with three kinds of welding consumables having different boron (B) and manganese (Mn) contents for high strength carbon steel. The hot crack resistance, measured from self-restraint testing, strongly depended on the amount of B in the welding consumable. Welding consumables with higher B contents resulted in longer total crack length and an increased number of cracks. Boron was intensely detected near the grain boundary of the weld centerline by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis, and precipitated with boron carbide (Fe23(C,B)6), as analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This promoted hot crack propagation in the high strength carbon steel welds. However, removing B from the welding consumable decreased the low temperature toughness for root and face weld metals, due to the growth of ferrite side plate (FSP), compared with welding consumables having more B or Mn contents. The addition of Mn in the weld metal suppressed the formation of FSP and increased low temperature toughness. Therefore, the minimization of B and the supplement of Mn successfully achieved hot crack resistance and low temperature toughness for high strength carbon steel welds of 550 MPa tensile strength. Key words: hot crack resistance, low temperature toughness, self-restraint testing, FCA welds, boron, manganese