自闭症谱系障碍
心理学
注意缺陷多动障碍
认知
神经发育障碍
静息状态功能磁共振成像
脑电图
自闭症
典型地发展
听力学
意识的神经相关物
注意力网络
发展心理学
神经科学
临床心理学
医学
人工智能
计算机科学
作者
Elizabeth Shephard,Charlotte Tye,Karen Ashwood,Bahare Azadi,Mark H. Johnson,Tony Charman,Philip Asherson,Gráinne McLoughlin,Patrick Bolton
出处
期刊:Cortex
[Elsevier]
日期:2019-08-01
卷期号:117: 96-110
被引量:19
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.cortex.2019.03.005
摘要
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are common and impairing neurodevelopmental disorders that frequently co-occur. The neurobiological mechanisms involved in ASD and ADHD are not fully understood. However, alterations in large-scale neural networks have been proposed as core deficits in both ASD and ADHD and may help to disentangle the neurobiological basis of these disorders and their co-occurrence. In this study, we examined similarities and differences in large-scale oscillatory neural networks between boys aged 8–13 years with ASD (n = 19), ADHD (n = 18), ASD + ADHD (n = 29) and typical development (Controls, n = 26). Oscillatory neural networks were computed using graph-theoretical methods from electroencephalographic (EEG) data collected during an eyes-open resting-state and attentional control and social cognition tasks in which we previously reported disorder-specific atypicalities in oscillatory power and event-related potentials (ERPs). We found that children with ASD showed significant hypoconnectivity in large-scale networks during all three task conditions compared to children without ASD. In contrast, children with ADHD showed significant hyperconnectivity in large-scale networks during the attentional control and social cognition tasks, but not during the resting-state, compared to children without ADHD. Children with co-occurring ASD + ADHD did not differ from children with ASD when paired with this group and vice versa when paired with the ADHD group, indicating that these children showed both ASD-like hypoconnectivity and ADHD-like hyperconnectivity. Our findings suggest that ASD and ADHD are associated with distinct alterations in large-scale oscillatory networks, and these atypicalities present together in children with both disorders. These alterations appear to be task-independent in ASD but task-related in ADHD, and may underlie other neurocognitive atypicalities in these disorders.
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