Recent plant growth and stress management related significant advancements in epigenetics

Plants are sessile and have to face the adaptation to various biotic as well as abiotic stress management. Plants are also capable to produce new organs and tissues throughout the course of their life to sustain its existence. Therefore, the plant needs precise and competent mechanisms of gene regulation in stress management as well as in growth and development. Epigenetics play a significant role in regulating gene expression and here, the recent significant advancements in plant epigenetics, from growth and development to stress management are being reviewed. The epigenetic-based programming in plants under biotic and abiotic stresses as well as during growth and development is carried out by methylation-demethylation, acetylation-deacetylation and small RNAs, which are involved in the regulation of gene expression without any change in the DNA sequences. Such review would be helpful to better understand the plants' epigenetics approaches under various stresses as well as for growth and developmental stages to enhance the plant tolerance and resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses and crop production by reprogramming gene regulation. It would also elaborate the recent epigenetics advancements in plants.