Highly Efficient, Transparent, and Multifunctional Air Filters Using Self-Assembled 2D Nanoarchitectured Fibrous Networks

Particulate matter (PM) pollution is a significant burden on global economies and public health. Most present air filters are heavy, bulky, and nontransparent and typically have inevitable compromise between removal efficiency and air permeability. We report a scalable strategy to create ultralight, thin, rubbery, self-assembled nanoarchitectured networks (nanonetworks) with high-efficiency and transparency (ULTRA NET) as air filters using capacitive-like electronetting technology. By controlling the ejection, deformation, and phase separation of charged droplets from a Taylor cone, our approach allows continuously welded two-dimensional nanonetworks (∼20 nm fiber diameter) to assemble into filters on a large scale. The resulting ULTRA NET filters exhibit integrated properties of desirable pore structure yet maintaining strikingly low thickness (∼350 nm) and free-standing capability, 99.98% removal efficiency, and <0.07% of atmosphere pressure for PM_0.3 filtration at ∼85.6% transmittance, which enable them to serve as a multifunctional filter against PMs either in rigid solid or in soft oil forms and even biohazard pathogens. This work should serve as a source of inspiration for the design and development of high-performance fibrous materials for various filtration and separation applications.