医学
心房颤动
烧蚀
肺静脉
导管消融
心脏病学
导管
内科学
耐火材料(行星科学)
人口
外科
天体生物学
物理
作者
Karan Wats,Andy Kiser,Kevin J. Makati,Nitesh Sood,David B. Delurgio,Yisachar Greenberg,Felix Yang
摘要
The treatment of AF has evolved over the past decade with increasing use of catheter ablation in patients refractory to medical therapy. While pulmonary vein isolation using endocardial catheter ablation has been successful in paroxysmal AF, the results have been more controversial in patients with long-standing persistent AF where extrapulmonary venous foci are increasingly recognised in the initiation and maintenance of AF. Hybrid ablation is the integration of minimally invasive epicardial ablation with endocardial catheter ablation, and has been increasingly used in this population with better results. The aim of this article was to analyse and discuss the evidence for the integration of catheter and minimally invasive surgical approaches to treat AF with specific focus on convergent ablation and exclusion of the left atrial appendage using a surgically applied clip.
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