Negative regulators of plant immunity derived from cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases are targeted by multiple Phytophthora Avr3a‐like effectors

Summary Oomycete pathogens secrete numerous effectors to manipulate host immunity. While some effectors share a conserved structural fold, it remains unclear if any have conserved host targets. Avr3a‐like family effectors, which are related to Phytophthora infestans effector PiAvr3a and are widely distributed across diverse clades of Phytophthora species, were used to study this question. By using yeast‐two‐hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co‐immunoprecipitation assays, we identified members of the plant cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 7 ( CAD 7) subfamily as targets of multiple Avr3a‐like effectors from Phytophthora pathogens. The CAD 7 subfamily has expanded in plant genomes but lost the lignin biosynthetic activity of canonical CAD subfamilies. In turn, we identified CAD 7s as negative regulators of plant immunity that are induced by Phytophthora infection. Moreover, At CAD 7 was stabilized by Avr3a‐like effectors and involved in suppression of pathogen‐associated molecular pattern‐triggered immunity, including callose deposition, reactive oxygen species burst and WRKY 33 expression. Our results reveal CAD 7 subfamily proteins as negative regulators of plant immunity that are exploited by multiple Avr3a‐like effectors to promote infection in different host plants.