Preparation of mesoporous titanium dioxide anode by a film- and pore-forming agent for the dye-sensitized solar cell

A novel mean of generating mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2) anodes by employing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the film- and pore-forming agent are proposed for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The influences on the morphology and photovoltaic performances of the TiO2 anodes are investigated by adjusting the PVP content in synthesizing the mesoporous TiO2 anodes. The photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the DSSC is found to be strongly dependent on the pore properties of the TiO2 anode. After the sintering process, the removal of the PVP leaves porously interconnected channel structures inside the TiO2 anode, supplying enhanced specific surface area for the dye adsorption as well as the efficient electron transmission. As a result, the TiO2 anode prepared by 20 wt% PVP presents the highest performances, based on which the DSSC achieves the highest conversion efficiency of 8.39%, approximately increased by 56.53% than that of the DSSC fabricated without PVP (5.36%).