Bifidobacteria and Their Health-Promoting Effects

厚壁菌 放线菌门 双歧杆菌 拟杆菌 生物 益生菌 人口 微生物学 肠道菌群 细菌 医学 乳酸菌 免疫学 环境卫生 16S核糖体RNA 遗传学
作者
Claudio Hidalgo-Cantabrana,Susana Delgado,Lorena Ruíz,Patricia Ruas‐Madiedo,Borja Sánchez,Abelardo Margollés
出处
期刊:Microbiology spectrum [American Society for Microbiology]
卷期号:5 (3) 被引量:357
标识
DOI:10.1128/microbiolspec.bad-0010-2016
摘要

ABSTRACT Bifidobacteria are members of the intestinal microbiota of mammals and other animals, and some strains are able to exert health-promoting effects. The genus Bifidobacterium belongs to the Actinobacteria phylum. Firmicutes , Bacteroidetes , and Actinobacteria constitute the most abundant phyla in the human intestinal microbiota, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes being predominant in adults, and Actinobacteria in breast-fed infants, where bifidobacteria can reach levels higher than 90% of the total bacterial population. They are among the first microbial colonizers of the intestines of newborns, and play key roles in the development of their physiology, including maturation of the immune system and use of dietary components. Indeed, some nutrients, such as human milk oligosaccharides, are important drivers of bifidobacterial development. Some Bifidobacterium strains are considered probiotic microorganisms because of their beneficial effects, and they have been included as bioactive ingredients in functional foods, mainly dairy products, as well as in food supplements and pharma products, alone, or together with, other microbes or microbial substrates. Well-documented scientific evidence of their activities is currently available for bifidobacteria-containing preparations in some intestinal and extraintestinal pathologies. In this review, we focus on the role of bifidobacteria as members of the human intestinal microbiota and their use as probiotics in the prevention and treatment of disease.
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