Biocatalytic Enantioselective β‐Hydroxylation of Unactivated C−H Bonds in Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids

Catalytic selective hydroxylation of unactivated aliphatic (sp³ ) C-H bonds without a directing group represents a formidable task for synthetic chemists. Through directed evolution of P450_BSβ hydroxylase, we realize oxyfunctionalization of unactivated C-H bonds in a broad spectrum of aliphatic carboxylic acids with varied chain lengths, functional groups and (hetero-)aromatic moieties in a highly chemo-, regio- and enantioselective fashion (>30 examples, Cβ/Cα>20 : 1, >99 % ee). The X-ray structure of the evolved variant, P450_BSβ -L78I/Q85H/G290I, in complex with palmitic acid well rationalizes the experimentally observed regio- and enantioselectivity, and also reveals a reduced catalytic pocket volume that accounts for the increased reactivity with smaller substrates. This work showcases the potential of employing a biocatalyst to enable a chemical transformation that is particularly challenging by chemical methods.