Accident responsibility identification model for Internet of Vehicles based on lightweight blockchain

Abstract The rapid development of autonomous vehicle technology has brought a new experience to people's daily travel. However, if a traffic accident involving autonomous vehicles occurs, it will face difficulties in vehicle accident forensic‐preservation, leakage of vehicle owner's privacy, and identifying legal liabilities. This article proposes an accident responsibility identification model for the Internet of Vehicles based on lightweight blockchain to solve the above problems. This model uses Car Forensics Master to collect evidence from the accident vehicle, and at the same time collects evidence from maintenance service providers, automobile manufacturers, transportation management departments, insurance companies, and other vehicle accident related parties and stores them in the preservation chain. We also use VPKI to protect the autonomous vehicle identity privacy. In order to improve the efficiency of the model and set up authorized access to related entities, the identification of accident liability is jointly completed by the preservation chain and the accident identification chain. In addition, we prove that the protocol proposed in the model has ideal security properties. Finally, we implement the smart contracts in the model through the Solidity language, and evaluate its performance.