Structural Insights into the Design of Inhibitors for the L1 Metallo-β-lactamase from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

One mechanism by which bacteria can escape the action of beta-lactam antibiotics is the production of metallo-beta-lactamases. Inhibition of these enzymes should restore the action of these widely used antibiotics. The tetrameric enzyme L1 from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was used as a model system to determine a series of high-resolution crystal structures of apo, mono and bi-metal substituted proteins as well as protein-inhibitor complexes. Unexpectedly, although the apo structure revealed only few significant structural differences from the holo structure, some inhibitors were shown to induce amino acid side-chain rotations in the tightly packed active site. Moreover, one inhibitor employs a new binding mode in order to interact with the di-zinc center. This structural information could prove essential in the process of elucidation of the mode of interaction between a putative lead compound and metallo-beta-lactamases, one of the main steps in structure-based drug design.