[Objective]To compare the status of health literacy of urban and rural residents in Sichuan province and explore its influence factors.[Methods]Based on the data from national survey on health literacy in 2008,we established a binary Logistic regression model to analyze the main influence factors of health literacy,the residents possessing health literacy or not was taken as dependent variable while the other demographical characters as the independent variables.[Results]The health literacy level of urban residents was higher than that of rural residents.Factors affecting the health literacy of Sichuan province residents included education,income,and gender,in which education and income played more important roles.[Conclusion]Specific measures should be carried out as to improve the health literacy status of residents in Sichuan province,especially for the rural residents.