High-Safety and Low-Cost Photoassisted Chargeable Aqueous Sodium-Ion Batteries with 90% Input Electric Energy Savings

A photoassisted chargeable aqueous sodium-ion battery employs the aqueous Na2S4 anolyte and NaI catholyte, and a TiO2 photoelectrode integrated into the catholyte for capturing solar energy. Upon charging under illumination, the battery can be charged at an ultra low voltage of 0.08 V, which is much lower than the discharging voltage, resulting in the ≈90% input electric energy savings. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.