Oral anticoagulation (OAC) has been the cornerstone for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. The vitamin K antagonist warfarin has been considered the drug of choice in stroke prevention with proven efficacy for more than 60 years. The great inter-patient and intra-patient dose variability and need for routine International Normalized Ratio (INR), are among the main disadvantages of warfarin. The direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs), including direct thrombin inhibitors (dabigatran) and factors Xa inhibitors (apixaban, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban), are currently [...]