Unique bioactive molecule composition of sea buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.) oils obtained from the peel, pulp, and seeds via physical “solvent‐free” approaches

Abstract Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is a highly valuable plant with bioactive compounds widely used in food, medicinal, and pharmaceutical industry. During sea buckthorn berry processing into juice, byproducts from the juice, peels, and seeds are generated. Hence, in this study three types of oils (pulp, seed, and peel oil) were obtained via the use of physical “green” technologies. The pulp oil was obtained by a milk separator, while seed and peel oils were extracted by a cold‐press. The extracted oils were then subjected to assays that determined their detailed profiles of triacylglycerols, fatty acids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, carotenoids, sterols, and phenolic compounds. The peel oil was a significantly richer source of bioactive compounds compared to both the pulp and seed oils. With respect to the lipid profile, the peel oil was similar compared to the pulp oil. The peel oil also had a slightly lower content of sterols in comparison to seed oil and was the only oil fraction that had considerable levels of squalene present. The concentration ranges of the minor molecules detected are as follows: 100.0–273.6, 427.4–575.0, 0–402.4, 0.9–72.0, 0.9–15.6 mg/100 g oil of tocochromanols, sterols, squalene, carotenoids, and flavonols, respectively.